Dinamika Sistem Pendidikan Korea Selatan: Literature Review tentang Perkembangan, Kebijakan, dan Tantangan Pendidikan

Latifah Nur Aprilyani, Humaida Humaida, Asaranum Sila Safitri, Muhammad Habil Al-Faqih, Dwi Julianto, Budi Yusuf

Abstract


Abstract: This study aims to analyze the dynamics of South Korea's education system in terms of its development, policies, and challenges. The study employed an integrative literature review of 15 relevant journal articles. The data were analyzed thematically through identification, classification, comparison, and synthesis of findings. The results show that South Korea's education system has shifted from a highly centralized model toward a more flexible, competency-based, and student-centered approach. However, several challenges remain, including academic competition, shadow education, educational inequality, teacher readiness, digital transformation, and demographic change.


Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika sistem pendidikan Korea Selatan ditinjau dari perkembangan, kebijakan, dan tantangannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan integratif terhadap 15 artikel jurnal yang relevan. Data dianalisis secara tematik melalui proses identifikasi, pengelompokan, perbandingan, dan sintesis temuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Korea Selatan berkembang dari sistem yang terpusat menuju pembelajaran yang lebih fleksibel, berbasis kompetensi, dan berorientasi pada peserta didik. Namun, sistem tersebut masih menghadapi tantangan berupa kompetisi akademik, shadow education, ketimpangan pendidikan, kesiapan guru, transformasi digital, serta perubahan demografi


Keywords


sistem pendidikan; Korea Selatan; kebijakan pendidikan; tantangan pendidikan

Full Text:

PDF

References


Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Byun, S.-Y., Jung, J., & Shin, T.-S. (2023). Does shadow education discourage or encourage creative thinking? Evidence from South Korea. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 46(4), 774–808. https://doi.org/10.1080/02103702.2023.2230042

Choi, T., & Seon, S. W. (2021). Target Groups on the Mainline: A Theoretical Framework of Policy Layering and Learning Disparity. Administration & Society, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399720949853

Jang, S. B. (2022). Creating entrepreneurs: National curriculum change in South Korea. Curriculum Inquiry, 52(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2021.2021373

Jarvis, J. A., Read, A. R., Dufur, M. J., & Pribesh, S. (2022). Impacts of family structure on shadow education and educational achievement among South Korean youth. International Journal of Educational Development, 89, 102529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102529

Jung, J. (2024). When massified higher education meets shrinking birth rates: The case of South Korea. Higher Education, 88, 2357–2373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01220-2

Kim, J. (2024). Why do teachers not change while the national curriculum repeatedly changes? The ‘hidden’ resistance of teachers in the centralized system of education in South Korea. International Journal of Educational Development, 109, 103105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.103105

Ku, I., Lee, H., & Kim, J. E. (2024). Does shadow education contribute to inequality? Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 44(4), 773–791. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2022.2114424

Lee, B. R. (2023). Analysis of National Research Trends on the Declining School-Age Population. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 23(16), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.16.69

Lee, S.-M. (2022). Factors affecting the quality of online learning in a task-based college course. Foreign Language Annals, 55(1), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12572

Lee, Y. (2023). Baby boomers and the collapse of the ‘narrow gate’: the equalisation policy and the expansion of secondary education in South Korea, 1968–1974. History of Education, 52(4), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/0046760X.2020.1856947

Lim, Y., & Park, H. (2022). Who have fallen behind? The educational reform toward differentiated learning opportunities and growing educational inequality in South Korea. International Journal of Educational Development, 92, 102599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102599

Min, M., Lee, H., & Kubow, P. K. (2022). Effects of local culture and teacher efficacy on teacher enactment of curriculum reform in South Korea. International Journal of Educational Reform, 31(3), 336–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879211026669

OECD. (2023a). PISA 2022 Results: Learning During - and From - Disruption, Volume II. OECD Publishing.

OECD. (2023b). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II): Country Notes—Korea. OECD Publishing.

Park, W., & Kwon, H. (2024). Implementing artificial intelligence education for middle school technology education in Republic of Korea. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 34, 109–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09812-2

Piao, H., & Hwang, H. (2021). Shadow Education Policy in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ECNU Review of Education, 4(3), 652–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311211013825

Rahmarzen, K., & Asyha, A. F. (2026). Sistem Pendidikan Korea Selatan: Analisis Kebijakan, Kurikulum, Budaya Pendidikan, dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Al-Ikmal: Jurnal Pendidikan, 5(1), 14–36. https://doi.org/10.47902/al-ikmal.v5i1.475

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.

So, K. (2019). A Review on the Historical Changes and Recent Reform Trends in South Korean National Curriculum. The SNU Journal of Education Research, 28(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.54346/sjer.2019.28.1.87

So, K., Lee, S. Y., & Choi, Y. (2024). Teachers’ sense-making of the decentralizing curriculum reform policy: A comparative case study in South Korea. International Journal of Educational Research, 125, 102331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102331

Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x

Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971

Yang, J., & Tan, C. (2019). Advancing Student-Centric Education in Korea: Issues and Challenges. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(6), 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00449-1




DOI: https://doi.org/10.47213/bp.v9i1.467

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Latifah Nur Aprilyani, Humaida Humaida, Asaranum Sila Safitri, Muhammad Habil Al-Faqih, Dwi Julianto, Budi Yusuf

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Belantika Pendidikan
Jendela Pendidikan Indonesia
Published by Kayon Media · e-ISSN 2720-9601 · DOI prefix 10.47213
Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0
Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter